Subatomic+Particles

=Subatomic Paricles=

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Atoms are composed of smaller particles known as subatomic particles. Subatomic particles are the three particles that actually have a bearing on chemical behavior. The sub-atomic particles by themselves do not have differing chemical properties from atom to atom.

Proton
-positively charged particle -part of the dense nucleus along with neutrons -mass of 1.0073 amu per proton -number of protons per atom determines the atoms element(atomic number) -along with neutrons in the nucleus make up most of the mass of the atom -along with neutrons in the nucleus make up a small part of the atoms over all volume

Electron
-negatively charged particles -move freely in the atom -negligible mass, about 5.486 x 10^-4 -loss, gain, and sharing of electrons important in many chemical reactions -electrons account for an insignificant part of the atoms total mass -electrons account for most of the atoms overall volume -electrons orbit the nucleus in an electron cloud in a number of different patterns which are determined by the electrons quantum numbers

Neutron
-have no charge (neutral) -part of the dense nucleus along with protons -mass of 1.0087 amu per neutron -number of neutrons determines the isotope of the atom -along with protons in the nucleus make up most of the mass of the atom -along with protons in the nucleus make up a small part of the atoms over all volume

-the quark model was developed by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zwei in 1964 and beginning in 1968 all of the //flavors// had been observed by 1995 in a number of accelerator experiments -quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, two of the hadrons that are commonly known are protons and neutrons -there are six different types of quarks (up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom) -different quarks have different masses and charges -up(charge=+2/3) and down(charge=-1/3) quarks, known as heavy quarks, are common throughout the universe as they are stable -other quarks are rare and only occur due to high energy collisions(cosmic rays and particle accelerators) -protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark (2(+2/3)+1(-1/3)=+1) -neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks (1(+2/3)+2(-1/3)=0) -each quark has its own antiquark that differ from the quark only in the properties are of equal magnitude but opposite sign **
 * Quarks

Subatomic Particle Table

 * Particle || Charge || Mass (amu) ||
 * Proton || Postitive (+) || 1.0073 amu ||
 * Netron || Neutral || 1.0087 amu ||
 * Electron || Negative (-) || 5.486 x 10^-4 amu ||

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