NonmetalsAA

=Nonmetals-by AA= There are 17 nonmetals on the periodic table. They vary greatly in appearance and physical state. The nonmetals consist of the 6 noble gases  (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn), 7 elements existing as diatomic molecules, including the  Halogens  (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2),  Hydrogen  (H2),  Oxygen  (O2), and Nitrogen (N2), and 4 other solid elements: Carbon, Phosphorous, Sulfur, and Selenium.
 * [[image:nonmetal.gif align="center" caption="This picture shows the locations of the the nonmetals on the periodic table. Click on the picture for a link to the original website." link="http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/pertable/nonmetal.html"]] ||
 * This picture shows the locations of the the nonmetals on the periodic table. Click on the picture for a link to the original website. ||

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//Physical Characteristics//

 * Nonmetals have no luster
 * Nonmetals vary significantly in appearance
 * They conduct heat and electricity poorly
 * Generally, they have lower melting/boiling points than metals  (diamond, which is a form of carbon is one exception)
 * Nonmetals are not ductile or malleble like metals
 * Solid nonmetals are brittle

//In Reaction//
For Example: CO2, SO3, H20, NH3, P4O10 For Example: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 For Example: H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O For Example: CO2 (g) + 2NaOH (aq) --> Na2CO3 (aq) +H20 (l) For Example: Na+ + Cl- --> NaCl {Horizontal Bar Placeholder Text}
 * Nonmetals tend to form covalent bonds with each other, sharing their electrons. These are called molecular bonds. This is due to them having close electronegativity  values (compared to the larger differences between metals and nonmetals).
 * Nonmetal oxides are dehydrated oxyacids that, when dissolved in water, reform their acidic character.
 * Some of these acids, when exposed to heat, decompose to their molecular forms, like the reverse of the above reaction
 * A nonmetal oxide plus a base will react like an acid plus a base, and form a salt plus water.
 * Nonmetals form anions when ionically bonding  with metals to form salts, due to them having a much higher electronegativity value than metals.
 * [[image:NaCl2-fig2.jpg align="center" caption="This is the formation of Sodium Chloride. The chlorine forms an anion. Click on the picture for a link to the original website." link="http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/Issues/Series_SP/SP14/NaCl2-fig2.jpg"]] ||
 * This is the formation of Sodium Chloride. The chlorine forms an anion. Click on the picture for a link to the original website. ||

//General Nonmetal Trends//

 * Nonmetals are located in the upper right corner of the periodic table
 * Nonmetals have a high ionization energy  and do not lose their electrons easily
 * Nonmetals have a high electronegativity
 * Nonmetals have a smaller atomic radius  than metals
 * Nonmetals have a larger ionic radius  than their metal cation counterparts
 * Nonmetals have a greater effective nuclear charge  than metals, due to a greater number of valence electrons.

//Sources://
-AA
 * The AP Chemistry Book
 * My own intuitive thoughts
 * For pictorial sources, click on the picture for a link to the original website