Ketones

__**Ketones**__
Ketones are functional groups characterized by a carbonyl group (O=C) linked to two other carbon atoms or a chemical compound that contains a carbonyl group. A ketone can be generally represented by the chemical formula: R1(CO)R2. Simply they are compounds in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom, which is itself bonded to two or more carbon atoms.

A carbonyl group is polar. This makes ketones polar compounds. The carbonyl groups interact with water by hydrogen bonding, and ketones are soluble in water. It is a hydrogen-bond acceptor, but not a hydrogen-bond donor, and cannot hydrogen-bond to itself. This makes ketones more volatile than alcohols and carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.

Ketones are often used in perfumes and paints to stabilize the other ingredients so that they don't degrade as quickly over time. Other uses are as solvents and intermediates in chemical industry. Examples of ketones are acetone, acetophenone, and methyl ethyl ketone.





Like aldehydes, ketones can be named using either the common system or the IUPAC system. In the common system, ketones names are created by naming the groups attached to the carbonyl carbon and then adding the word ketone. Following are several examples:



The five IUPAC rules for aldehydes also apply to ketones, with one exception: After dropping the -e ending of the alkane name, you add -one for ketones (rather than -al, which designates aldehydes).



In the IUPAC system, aromatic ketones are considered benzenesubstituted aliphatic ketones.



Many aromatic compounds retain their common names in the IUPAC system. Following are two such examples:



CliffsNotes.com. Ketones. 11 May 2008 <[|http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-23297,articleId-23279.html>.]

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Chemsitry: The Central Science Brown, LeMay, Bursten