Lewis+Structures

=Lewis Structures-By AA=

The Lewis structure of an atom simply shows the number of valence electrons in the atom, which is useful and necessary information when discussing chemical bonding, as the valence electrons are usually the ones used in bonding. Valence electrons are shown as dots around of the atomic symbol.
 * //__Lewis Structures-Atoms__//**



When showing Lewis structures in ionic bonds, both species will be shown in brackets with the charges outside of it. Generally, the nonmetal will gain electrons to complete its valence shell octet, and the metal will lose electrons to have an empty valence shell.
 * //__Lewis Structures-Ionic Bonds__//**

Lewis Structures are mostly used to depict covalent bonds. When doing this, atoms generally follow the octet rule (except for hydrogen which only needs a duet), although there are exceptions to this rule. Bonds are represented by dashes between the atoms that they connect. Each dash represents a pair of electrons. The number of bonds are represented by the number of dashes, and single, double, or triple bonds are possible. Unpaired electrons are shown as dots around the atom they belong to. Also, Lewis Structures can also depict molecular geometry between different atoms in a molecule. To draw a Lewis Structure, add up the valence electrons of all the atoms to see how many you have to work with, draw a "skeleton" of all single bonds, and then count how many electrons are needed to give each atom an octet. Give double/triple bonds if necessary, when there are not enough electrons for all single bonds.
 * //__Lewis Structures-Covalent Bonds__//**

Lewis Structures are also used to depict polyatomic ions, which, although they are ionic in character, are formed of covalent molecular bonds. Like monoatomic ions, they are shown in brackets with the charges on the outside. To draw these Lewis Structures, do just as you would a normal covalent molecule but add in the charge as the correct number of electrons.
 * //__Lewis Structures-Polyatomic Ions__//**

The AP Chem Book, my own thoughts All pictoral sources were created on Paint (the program for windows).
 * //__Sources__//**

"Sever the ties bonding me to this wretched life I am forced to live day after day, and create anew a force stronger and more powerful than before, giving me a chance to rise above and find the answers to which I have always been seeking." -AA