Beach,+Matthew

After reading the article about HF I learned a few things. First, I did not know that the acid didn't affect the visible layer of skin but rather the deeper tissue in the dermis and epidermis. Also, I didn't know that the fluorine detaches from the hydrogen in order to find a better source of electrons from elements like calcium which is found in the deep layers of tissue. In addition, I didn't that the actual damage to your body comes from the hydrogen ions unbalancing the ph scale in ones blood system which is what causes the cells to die.

Throughout my reading of the Influences of Ancient greek on Chemical Terminology, I learned a couple of things. To begin, I learned that a lot of Greek words are used very commonly today in the English language and a lot of them are used in chemistry. I also learned that a lot prefixes and suffixes that are used to describe compounds are come from the Greek language in order to give a better description about the compound and what is in it. In addition I saw that whole chemistry words in general are derived from Greek words like atom, anion, and cation. Finally I learned that many of the elements come from Greek words and can be seen in the elements name by separating the word into different parts like hydrogen. When separated it becomes hydro and gen and hydro is the actual greek word meaning water former.

After reading the article about hydrogen fueled cars I was able to learn a few things. First, I did not know that there are already hydrogen stations in the United States that can be used to fuel cars with hydrogen fuel cells. I also did not know that there are hydrogen fueled cars driving around america as we speak. Another thing I learned is that, contrary to common belief, hydrogen cars are very safe to drive and very safe to re-fuel after the tank runs empty. The final thing that I learned is that the tank used in the hydrogen cars can hold 5,000 pounds per square inch of hydrogen gas and that a full tank is considered nine pounds of pure hydrogen gas. These are the things I learned about hydrogen cars from the above mentioned article.

Now that I have read an article about how to make running tracks and artificial turf, I was able to learn a few things. First, I did not know that the rubber pellets used in the turf are actually made from recycled rubber materials like tires. I also learned that many rubber or polymer materials have to go under a process called vulcanization which turns the rubber from a viscous liquid into something that we use for recreational activities. This process can also pertain to our AP Chemistry class because it involves the idea of bonding and how different molecules bonded together have different strengths from each other. Something I found interesting was that the artificial turf has a layer of sand underneath it and the fact that the field is angled at a downward slope from the center of it in order to drain the water better.

Throughout my reading of the article on oil and water not mixing, I noticed there were a few things that I already knew and a few things that I did not know before. Prior knowledge that I could relate to parts of the article included the fact that water is very polar and contains hydrogen bonds to the fact that hydrogen is bonded to oxygen. Another thing I already knew was how london dispersion forces were made and why they cause non-polar molecules like oil to become attracted to one another. The final bit of knowledge I already knew was how oil and water don't mix, not because of their differences in density, but rather their differences in polarity. In addition to the things I already knew, there were also some things that I did not know based on the article. The first thing I learned was that the reason oil spreads out over water instead of it being repelled like water on wax paper is because the oil molecules are actually, in a sense, looking for a better deal in terms of polarity so they are more attracted to the very polar water molecules instead of staying with the weak dispersion oil molecules. Another thing I learned was that, even though the oil would rather be with the water, they don't mix cause the water molecules would rather be with themselves due to their powerful intermolecular forces compared to the weaker ones between the oil. The last bit of knowledge I gained from this article is the reason rainbow patterns show up in puddles is because the oils on top of the water spread themselves out into a thin layer above the water due to the oil molecules attraction to the very polar water molecules.

Now that I have educated myself on the reasons for using salts on icy roads, I can say that I learned a few things. The first thing I noticed was that the reason sodium chloride is because it only makes two ions while magnesium and calcium chloride create three ions when dissolved in water which would make those compounds more affective in changing the freezing temperature of the water. Another bit of knowledge I gained from this article is the fact that excessive use of salt on the roads can cause damage to one's vehicles. The last thing I learned from this piece of literature is that some places that are too cold don't bother with using salt because the temperature gets lower than the new freezing point even with the added salt which renders it completely useless. FINISHED. Well done. 5 stars! MW

After educating myself about hand-warmers, I have learned three things and was reminded of three other things in this article. What I learned is that the actual pouch material can play a huge role in how well the hand-warmer works because of how much oxygen is allowed to enter the pouch. Another thing I learned is that each pouch usually contains iron powder, salt water, an absorbent material, and activated carbon. The last thing I learned was that the iron was the key part of the reaction in the hand warmer and companies increase the surface area of the iron in the pouch in order to increase the effectiveness of the hand-warmer. Something I already knew was that hand-warmers are used to transport tropical fish but with a different scale of the hand-warmer size. Another thing I already knew is that hand-warmers are considered exothermic reactions and that essentially the process is like that of rusting. The last thing I already knew from this article is that the idea of hand-warmers originated with Japanese using hot coals to warm their hands. These are the things I learned and already knew.

Now that I have become a maple syrup expert, I can say that I learned a few things and was reminded of some prior knowledge. First, I already knew that it takes a lot of sap to make only small amounts of syrup. Also, I was currently aware of the fact that making syrup requires a lot of heat or energy in order for the water to be evaporated. The last tid-bit of knowledge I can say I knew was that the main sugar in syrup was sucrose and that there is about twice as much sucrose as their is water. Something I learned was that sap is actually somewhat acidic with things like oxalic and citric acid. Also, I learned that there are various minerals present in sap like potassium and calcium. The final thing I can say I learned is that scientists do not know why syrup is brown are why it tastes so good but they believe it could be amino acids.

Matt,

Good to know you are now an expert! :) 5 stars! MW

Matt, Looks like you could relate a lot of what you learned to our class! MW Matt,

OK ! Looks good now! MW

Now that I have discovered the truth about rusting on cars, I can say I've gained some knowledge about the matter. The first thing I learned is that rusting is a redox reaction involving the oxidation of metal and reduction of oxygen with an electrolyte solution. I also didn't know that water acts as the salt bridge in the rusting process due to it's ability to dissolve salts so readily. The last thing I learned from this article is that the reason for the color is the changing of iron(II) hydroxide to iron(III) oxide which creates a red color. Something I already knew about was that the reason iron rusts so easily is because it readily gives up electrons. Another little tid bit I already knew was that metals like gold and silver don't easily corrode and that they have been able to survive the test of time. The last thing I already knew was that salt can be a huge addition to the rust process but I didn't know it helps with the salt bridge.

Well done Matthew! 5 shiny stars! MW